{"id":40260,"date":"2025-11-03T10:15:12","date_gmt":"2025-11-03T09:15:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/?p=40260"},"modified":"2025-11-04T11:18:26","modified_gmt":"2025-11-04T10:18:26","slug":"capital-letters-in-spanish","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/blog\/capital-letters-in-spanish.html","title":{"rendered":"Rules for capitalisation in Spanish"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><b>Capitalisation in Spanish follows a different logic from what you may be used to in English.<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> Both languages capitalise the first word of a sentence and proper nouns such as the names of people or places, but in many other cases Spanish chooses lowercase where English would use uppercase.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For native English speakers, this often feels unusual at first, so many words that would be capitalised in English remain lowercase in Spanish. But once you get familiar with the rules, you\u2019ll find that Spanish capitalisation is actually simpler and easier to master.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In this <\/span><b>guide to Spanish capitalisation rules<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, we\u2019ll walk you through when to use capitals in Spanish, while you\u2019ll also discover eight categories which remain lowercase in Spanish even though English capitalises them. Let\u2019s take a look!<\/span><\/p>\n<h2><b>Lowercase in Spanish vs uppercase in Spanish: When should Spanish be capitalised?\u00a0<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we begin this discussion of capitalisation rules for Spanish, <\/span><b>it\u2019s important to note that lowercase is much more common in Spanish than it is in English. Or, put another way, uppercase is much less common in Spanish compared to English. <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Generally, there is less need to emphasise words with a capital letter in Spanish. A paragraph of Spanish will typically have fewer capital letters sprinkled throughout, which can affect how headlines, business names, formal writing and more appear when translated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Despite preferring lowercase, there are still several situations where a capital letter is required in Spanish. Here we\u2019ll outline <\/span><b>the five main situations in Spanish which require a capital letter<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, along with some examples:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>The first word in a sentence\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Just as in most other languages, the first word in a new sentence starts with a capital letter in Spanish. This is to help signal to the reader the beginning of a new thought or statement.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ma\u00f1ana iremos al mercado = Tomorrow we\u2019ll go to the market<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00bfSabes qu\u00e9 hora es? = Do you know what time it is?<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Proper nouns<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Names of specific people, places or things always take a capital letter as the first letter, in order to distinguish them from common nouns.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mi hermana se llama Laura = My sister\u2019s name is Laura<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vamos a Madrid = We\u2019re going to Madrid<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Abbreviations and acronyms<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Official abbreviations and acronyms appear in all caps or with an initial capital to ensure clarity and recognition, such as abbreviations of titles and honorifics or acronyms for institutions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La cirug\u00eda fue realizada por el Dr. S\u00e1nchez = The surgery was performed by Dr. S\u00e1nchez<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El acuerdo fue firmado por la ONU y la UE = The agreement was signed by the UN and the EU<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Holidays and historic periods<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Festivals and eras keep their capital letters in Spanish, even when they appear mid-sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nuestro viaje coincide con la Semana Santa en Sevilla = Our trip coincides with Holy Week in Seville<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Los castillos datan de la Edad Media = The castles date back to the Middle Ages<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Titles of artistic works<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spanish titles of creative works, such as books, films, songs and more, use some capitalisation. Usually only the first word is capitalised, although any other proper nouns would also take a capital letter for the reasons outlined above. This is more succinct than other languages which capitalise most words in an artistic title.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Estoy leyendo Cien a\u00f1os de soledad = I am reading One Hundred Years of Solitude<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anoche vimos El club de la lucha por primera vez = Last night we watched Fight Club for the first time<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Eight categories of words that are capitalised in English but not in Spanish<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As mentioned above, there are several instances where a word would be written fully lowercase in Spanish but would have the first letter in uppercase in English. These words can be summed up across eight categories, which we\u2019ll look at below along with some examples:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h3><b>Days of the week<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unlike English, Spanish writes weekdays fully in lowercase unless they begin a sentence.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tengo una reuni\u00f3n el lunes = I have a meeting on Monday<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El concierto es el viernes por la noche = The concert is on Friday night<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Months of the year<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The names of months also remain in lowercase in Spanish unless they come at the start of a sentence.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nac\u00ed en abril = I was born in April<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vamos de vacaciones en agosto = We\u2019re going on holiday in August<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Nationalities<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In Spanish, adjectives of nationality take lowercase, and this also applies to adjectives derived from place names, such as those used to describe food.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mi amiga es argentina = My friend is Argentinian\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Me gusta la comida mexicana = I like Mexican food<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Languages\u00a0<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The names of languages start with a capital letter in English but not when written in Spanish.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hablo ingl\u00e9s y franc\u00e9s = I speak English and French\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Me encantan mis clases de espa\u00f1ol online = I love my online Spanish classes<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Religious titles<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Many religious words are capitalised in English, but they remain lowercase in Spanish. Even personal religious titles are lowercase in Spanish when not attached to a name.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00c9l es musulm\u00e1n y ella es jud\u00eda = He is Muslim and she is Jewish<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">El papa visitar\u00e1 la ciudad = The Pope will visit the city<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Geographic terms<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Common geographic descriptors, such as mountain, river or ocean, can remain lowercase in Spanish, even when attached to a specific place. Proper names, however, are capitalised.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Navegaron a trav\u00e9s del oc\u00e9ano Atl\u00e1ntico = They sailed across the Atlantic Ocean\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ella escal\u00f3 el monte Everest = She climbed Mount Everest<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Words within artistic titles<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">We saw above that the first word of an artistic work is capitalised in Spanish. In English, that is also true and also capitalised are the other main words of the title, whether or not they are proper nouns. In Spanish, however, it\u2019s usually just the first word that takes a capital.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Le\u00edmos La sombra del viento en el club de lectura = We read The Shadow of the Wind in the book club<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vimos El laberinto del fauno anoche = We watched Pan\u2019s Labyrinth last night<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3><b>Personal titles<\/b><\/h3>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In English, titles such as \u201cDoctor\u201d are capitalised when placed before someone\u2019s name or used in direct address. In Spanish, the comparable titles remain lowercase.<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Segu\u00ed el consejo del doctor Gonz\u00e1lez = I listened to Doctor Gonz\u00e1lez&#8217;s advice<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Tengo una carta para el se\u00f1or Fern\u00e1ndez = I have a letter for Mister Fern\u00e1ndez<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h2><b>Are there words which are capitalised in Spanish but not in English?<\/b><\/h2>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Whereas many words are capitalised in English but not in Spanish, the reverse is rare because most uppercase words in Spanish are also uppercase in English. One exception appears with formal correspondence, as pronouns of respect can be capitalised when abbreviated. These pronouns, such as Ud. or Uds., don\u2019t exist in English, but are capitalised in the abbreviated form in Spanish. For example:\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Les agradecemos a Uds. su tiempo y atenci\u00f3n = We thank you (plural) for your time and attention\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">By mastering the nuances of Spanish capitalisation rules, you\u2019ll be able to convey respect, clarity and authenticity through your written Spanish, helping you to integrate into the language and the culture.<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Do you want to take your Spanish to the next level? At International House Madrid, you can choose from a wide range of <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/spanish\/courses\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spanish courses in Madrid<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> that will help you improve your language skills in a dynamic and immersive way. Join us in the heart of Madrid and experience Spanish culture first-hand, or take advantage of our <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/spanish\/online\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Spanish online courses<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> to learn from expert teachers wherever you are!<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Capitalisation in Spanish follows a different logic from what you may be used to in English. Both languages capitalise the first word of a sentence and proper nouns such as the names of people or places, but in many other cases Spanish chooses lowercase where English would use uppercase. For native English speakers, this often [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1080,"featured_media":40263,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[761,446,904],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-40260","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-learn-spanish-in-madrid","category-spanish-language-certifications","category-spanish-school-madrid"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40260","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1080"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=40260"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40260\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":40262,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/40260\/revisions\/40262"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/40263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=40260"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=40260"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.ihmadrid.com\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=40260"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}